• Scheuermann’s disease: also known as Scheuermann’s kyphosis, is a condition that results in an increased rounding posture of the spine. Kyphosis refers to a curving of the spine that leads to a ‘hunchback’ or slouching posture
• Myofascial pain syndrome: due to prolonged postural overload leading to the accumulation of adhesion / scar tissue.
• Thoracic spondylosis is a degenerative disease affecting the joints in the thoracic spine, i.e. the intervertebral discs and the facet joints (zygapophyseal joints). It results from mechanical joint stress. It results in upper to mid back pain and stiffness.
• Thoracic spinal stenosis: occurs when the spinal canal through which the spinal cord travels or the opening through which nerve roots exit the spinal canal narrows. Once the spinal canal narrows, it can press on the spinal cord and/or irritate the nerve roots.
• Herniated thoracic disc: Whilst less likely than a lumbar disc herniation, it can occur. Micro tears on the outer annular fibres can lead to the inner gel like nucleus pulposus to migrate onto the nerve root.
• Osteoporosis: is a disease that weakens bones to the point where they break easily—most often, bones in the hip, backbone (spine), and wrist.